Yamas and Niyamas: Embracing Ethical Principles in Yoga
For many people when they think of yoga, they think of rolling out a mat and doing some stretches.
In fact, I was partnering with another business to bring yoga to the community and someone asked the owner, “What even IS yoga?” She replied “ummm, it’s stretching?”
She recounted this story to me as if the patron was silly to ask. I chuckled to myself thinking of her response and said…”Well…it’s not just stretching but I guess that’s a way to not scare them away.”
So if it’s not just stretching, then what even IS yoga actually?
When people think of yoga they often just think of the physical practice, the asana practice. But, there is way more to it than just rolling out your mats, or donning some lululemon or alo clothing… there’s much more to it than a fancy pose in front of a sunset.
In the practice of yoga, there are eight limbs that guide practitioners towards self-realization and inner peace.
The Eight Limbs of Yoga
There are eight ‘limbs’ to the Yoga Sutras, each describing a different aspect of the yoga practice, and a different step on the ladder to realisation. These are commonly known as the ‘Eight Limbs of Yoga’:
Yama (moral discipline)
Niyama (observances)
Asana (physical postures)
Pranayama (breathing techniques)
Pratyahara (sense withdrawal)
Dharana (concentration)
Dhyana (absorption or meditation)
Samadhi (enlightenment or bliss)
Among these limbs, the yamas and niyamas hold a special place as they provide a moral compass for yogis.
Rooted in ancient wisdom, the yamas and niyamas offer a framework for ethical living both on and off the mat.
The yamas, the first limb of yoga, consist of five ethical principles designed to govern our behavior towards others.
YAMAS
Ahimsa, the first yama, urges us to practice non-violence and cultivate compassion. It encourages us to extend kindness to ourselves and all sentient beings, fostering an environment of peace and harmony.
The second yama, Satya, embodies the principle of truthfulness. It reminds us to be honest in our thoughts, words, and actions. By embracing Satya, we establish trust and authenticity in our relationships, enabling a deeper connection with ourselves and those around us.
Asteya, the third yama, emphasizes non-stealing. It goes beyond material possessions and encompasses respecting others' time, ideas, and energy. Practicing Asteya means cherishing the abundance of the universe and refraining from greed or jealousy.
Brahmacharya, the fourth yama, can be translated as "right use of energy." While often associated with abstinence, its essence lies in understanding and mastering our desires. By observing moderation and harnessing our energy, we find balance and prevent our passions from controlling us.
The final yama, Aparigraha, guides us towards non-attachment. It teaches us to let go of possessiveness and unhealthy attachments, liberating us from the burden of materialism. By embracing Aparigraha, we learn to appreciate the present moment and live with gratitude.
NIYAMAS
Moving on to the niyamas, the second limb of yoga, these self-disciplinary principles focus on our internal landscape, fostering personal growth and transformation.
Saucha, the first niyama, prompts us to purify our body, mind, and surroundings. By practicing cleanliness and orderliness, we create space for clarity and inner peace.
The second niyama, Santosha, embodies contentment. It encourages us to find satisfaction and joy in the present moment, accepting life as it unfolds. By cultivating Santosha, we learn to let go of external expectations and cultivate gratitude for what we have.
Tapas, the third niyama, refers to self-discipline and the willingness to endure challenges. It is through Tapas that we build resilience, determination, and self-mastery. By embracing discomfort and pushing our boundaries, we unveil our true potential and ignite transformation.
Svadhyaya, the fourth niyama, invites us to study and explore ourselves. It involves the practice of self-reflection, self-inquiry, and self-study. Through Svadhyaya, we gain insight into our thoughts, beliefs, and patterns, enabling personal growth and self-awareness.
Lastly, Ishvara pranidhana, the fifth niyama, centers around surrendering to a higher power or the divine. It encourages us to let go of control and trust in the natural flow of life. By surrendering our ego, we connect to something greater than ourselves, finding solace in the journey.